Friday, July 11, 2014

MARI KETAHUI JENIS-JENIS GENERATOR!

Pada dasarnya, ada dua jenis dasar generator:
  • Generator DC
  • Generator AC : Asynchronous (Induksi) generator dan generator sinkron
GENERATOR INDUKSI
Generator induksi tidak lebih dari sebuah motor induksi yang digerakkan di atas kecepatan sinkron sebesar jumlah yang tidak melebihi beban penuh. Dengan asumsi slip beban penuh dari 3%, motor dengan kecepatan sinkron 1200 rpm akan memiliki kecepatan beban penuh lebih dari 1164 rpm. Unit ini juga dapat didorong oleh penggerak utama eksternal pada 1236 rpm untuk digunakan sebagai generator induksi.

Generator induksi membutuhkan satu item tambahan sebelum dapat menghasilkan tenaga, yaitu memerlukan sumber terkemuka VAR untuk eksitasi. VAR tersebut mungkin diberikan oleh kapasitor (ini memerlukan kontrol yang kompleks) atau dari jaringan utilitas. Generator induksi merupakan mesin murah dan sederhana. Generator induksi tidak memerlukan eksitasi terpisah DC, kontrol regulator, kontrol frekuensi atau alat pengatur.
SYNCHRONOUS  GENERATORS (GENERATOR SINKRON)
Generator sinkron memiliki kontrol yang tepat dari tegangan, frekuensi, VAR dan Watts. Kontrol ini dicapai melalui penggunaan tegangan regulator dan alat pengatur. Generator sinkron tersebut terdiri dari dinamo stasioner berkelok-kelok (stator) dengan banyak kabel yang dihubungkan secara seri atau paralel untuk memperoleh tegangan terminal yang diinginkan.

Gulungan dinamo ditempatkan di dalam inti baja laminasi. Generator sinkron juga terdiri dari bidang bergulir DC - rotor. Sebuah fluks yang saling dikembangkan di celah udara antara rotor dan stator menyebabkan interaksi yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan EMF. Sebagai fluks magnetik yang dikembangkan oleh kutub medan DC yang melintasi celah udara dari gulungan stator, tegangan sinusoidal dikembangkan pada terminal keluaran generator, yang kemudian proses tersebut dinamakan induksi elektromagnetik.

Besarnya tegangan AC yang dihasilkan dikendalikan oleh jumlah arus DC. jika "TETAP" eksitasi diterapkan, tegangan besarnya akan dikontrol oleh kecepatan rotor (E = 4.44fnBA), bagaimanapun, ini akan memerlukan perubahan frekuesnsi! Karena komponen frekuensi dari sistem kekuasaan yang akan diadakan konstan, padat regulator tegangan negara atau exciters statis biasanya digunakan untuk mengontrol arus medan dan dengan demikian pengontrolan tegangan terminal generator akan akurat.
Frekuensi tegangan yang dikembangkan oleh generator tergantung pada kecepatan dari rotor dan jumlah kutub medan. Untuk 60 sistem Hz, Frekuensi = kecepatan (rpm) * tiang pairs/60.

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